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Push–pull agricultural pest management
The push–pull technology is a strategy for controlling agricultural pests by using repellent "push" plants and trap "pull" plants. For example, cereal crops like maize or sorghum are often infested by stem borers. Grasses planted around the perimeter of the crop attract and trap the pests, whereas other plants, like ''Desmodium'', planted between the rows of maize repel the pests and control the parasitic plant ''Striga''. Push–pull technology was developed at the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) in Kenya in collaboration with Rothamsted Research, UK 〔(www.rothamsted.ac.uk )〕 and national partners.
== Pests of cereal crops ==
Stemborers, parasitic striga weeds and poor soil fertility are the three main constraints to efficient production of cereals in sub-Saharan Africa. Losses caused by stemborers can reach as high as 80% in some areas and an average of about 15-40% in others. Losses attributed to striga weeds, on the other hand, range between 30% and 100% in most areas, and are often exacerbated by the low soil fertility prevalent in the region. The soils are highly degraded due to continuous cropping with limited or no external inputs to improve soil fertility. When the two pests occur together, farmers often lose their entire crops. Crop losses caused by stemborers and striga weeds amount to about US$ 7 billion annually, affecting mostly the resource-poor subsistence farmers.
Control of stemborers using pesticides is not only expensive and harmful to the environment, but also usually ineffective, as the chemicals cannot reach deep inside the plant stems where stemborer larvae reside. Similarly, the use of herbicides against striga is neither effective nor feasible among smallholders in the region for both biological and socioeconomic reasons. Preventing crop losses from stemborers and striga weeds, and improving soil fertility in eastern Africa alone could increase cereal harvests enough to feed an additional 27 million people in the region
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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